Handbook for Exercises on Propaedeutics with Clinical-Laboratory Diagnostics

This handbook is in line with the curriculum of the discipline Propaedeutics with Clinical-Laboratory Diagnostics. It presents in detail the plan for the study of various types of sick animals, which is illustrated with rich original photo material.

The handbook is intended for students of veterinary medicine, but it can be used by practicing veterinarians as well as by all students in similar fields and majors.

Examination approach to sick animals (Assoc. Prof. D. Kanuov, PhD)

• Methods of fixation
• Fixing of large ruminants
• Fixing of small ruminants
• Fixing of horses
• Fixing of swine
• Fixing of birds
• Fixing of dogs and cats
• Fixing of wild animals

Main clinical methods for examination of animals (Prof. R. Binev, PhD)

• Plan for clinical examination of sick animals
• Plan for examination of birds
• Registration of the sick animals
• Recording medical history
• Present condition

Examination of the skin (Assoc. Prof. A. Rusenov, PhD)

• Pathological mutations of the skin
• Examination of the visible mucous membranes and lymph nodes, and measurement of the internal body temperature
• Examination of the conjunctivas
• Examination of the lymph nodes
• Measurement of the internal body temperature

Methods of examination of the cardiovascular system (Asst. C. Hristov)

• Examination of the pulse and blood vessels
• Examination of peripheral blood vessels

Inspection, palpation and percussion of the heart area (Assoc. Prof. A. Rusenov, PhD)
Auscultation of the heart. Electrocardiography (Assoc. Prof. S. Sabev, PhD)

• Testing the heart capacity
• Electrocardiography
• Tonography and electrocardiography

Blood sampling from animal (Asst. C. Hristov)
Primary treatment of blood and conservation of blood samples (Asst. V. Marutsova, PhD)

• Physical examination of the blood
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Determination of hemoglobin and blood cell count (Asst. C. Hristov)

• Blood cell count (Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)

Analysis of the formative elements of the blood (Assoc. Prof. S. Sabev, PhD)
Chemical examination of the blood (Asst. V. Marutsova, PhD)
Examination of the respiratory system (Asst. I. Valchev)

• Respiratory movements
• Examination of the exhaled air
• Examination of nasal extrudes
• Examination of the nose, nose cavity and nose sinuses
• Examination of the guttural pouch
• Examination of cough

Inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation of the thorax (Asst. M. Mihailov)
Examination of appetite, intake of food and fluids, oral cavity, gullet, esophagus and goiter (Asst. L. Lazarov)

• Endoscopy of the oral cavity, gullet, esophagus and rumen

Examination of the abdomen and proventriculi (Prof. R. Binev, PhD)

• Examination of the proventriculi and abomasum of ruminants
• Examination of intestines

Examination of the reticulum for foreign bodies (Asst. L. Lazarov)
Rectal examination and examination of the excrements (Assoc. Prof. S. Sabev, PhD)

• Rectal examination of horses
• Rectal examination of cattle
• Rectal examination of smaller animals
• Examination of excrements

Clinical examination and examination of the liver (Assoc. Prof. D. Kanulov, PhD)

• Functional examination of the liver

Obtaining urine for testing

• Physical examination of the urine (Assoc. Prof. A. Rusenov, PhD)

Chemical analysis of the urine

• Reaction of the urine (pH)
• Proteins in the urine
• Detection of sugar in the urine
• Detection of ketone (acetone) bodies in the urine
• Detection of blood, hemoglobin and myoglobin in the urine
• Detection of biliary pigments and biliary acids in the urine

Microscopic examination of a sediment of urine (Asst. L. Lazarov)

• Inorganic components of the sediment
• Organic components of the sediment

Examination of the nervous system (Prof. R. Binev, PhD)

• Examination of the skull and spine
• Examination of the animal behavior
• Examination of the sense organs
• Examination of the sensitivity
• Examination of reflexes
• Examination of the vegetative nervous system
• Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid

Administration of medicines to the organism of animals (Asst. K. Stoyanchev)

• Administration of medicine through the alimentary tract
• Irrigation of the goiter in birds
• Parenteral administration of medicines
• Types of injections

Unblocking of the esophagus (Asst. M. Mihailov)

• Irrigation of the abdomen and rumen of animals
• Paracentesis

Test № 1 (Asst. Ivan Valchev, Asst. M. Mihailov)
Test № 2 (Asst. C. Hristov, Asst. M. Mihailov)
Test № 3 (Asst. Kr. Stoyanchev, Asst. M. Mihailov)
Test № 4 (Asst. L. Lazarov, Asst. M. Mihailov)