Medical Chemistry for English Speaking Students

The textbook presents consistently the basic concepts in general chemistry that relate to the types of chemical bonds binding atoms in organic molecules. Special attention is also paid to the structure, configuration and conformation of organic molecules, which are closely related to their biological activity.

The material included in this textbook will facilitate English-speaking medical students in learning the material taught in the pre-clinical disciplines, such as Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and others. In addition, learning about the chemical properties of biologically important molecules and linking them to their biochemical functions and their physiological action will help students build their associative thinking not only in pre-clinical but also in clinical disciplines.

Foreword
Content
General Chemistry

• Chemical bond
• Basic Principles
• Chemical bonds - types
• Acids and bases - basic concepts
• Svante Arrhenius theory
• Brønsted and Lowry acid - base theory
• Lewis concept on acids and bases
• Chemical kinetic
• Reaction rate of chemical reaction
• Catalysis
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Oxidation-reduction reactions
• Basic concepts

Organic Chemistry

• Types of organic reactions
• Major organic reactions
• Classification of reactions according to the mechanism
• Electronic effects. Inductive and Resonance
• Inductive effect
• Resonance - mesomeric effect
• Isomers and Stereochemistry
• Constructure of organic compounds - basic concepts
• Isomerism, isomers - definition
• Isomerism and isomers - types
• Constitutional isomers
• Spatial isomers
• Hydrocarbons
• Reactions occurring in chain-radical mechanism
• Alkanes - acyclic saturated hydrocarbons
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Electophilic substitution reactions
• Arenes
• Derivatives of hydrocarbons
• Nucleophilic substitution reactions
• Halogen derivatives
• Alcohols, phenols, ethers, thiols and thioethers
• Nucleophilic addition reactions
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Nucleophilic substitution reactions
• Aliphatic saturated monocarboxylic acids
• Aliphatic unsaturated monocarboxylic acids
• Functional derivatives of carboxylic acids
• Saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids
• Hydroxycarboxylic acids
• Amines and amides and derivatives of carbonic acid
• Amines
• Amides
• Derivatives of carbonic acid
• Heterofunctional compounds
• Halogen carboxylic acids
• Aldehyde and ketone carboxylic acids
• Aminoalcohols

Biological Active Heterocyclic Compounds

• Five-membered heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom
• Pyrrole
• Bicyclic hetero compounds containing a pyrrole ring - Indole
• Furan
• Thiophene
• Five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two hetero atoms
• Pyrazole
• Imidazole
• Six-membered heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom
• Pyridine
• Six-membered heterocyclic compounds with two hetero atoms
• Pyrimidine
• Bicyclic hetero compounds
• Purine

Biopolymers And Their Building Units

• Amino acids, peptides, polypeptides and proteins
• Amino acids
• Peptides
• Polypeptides
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Oligosaccharides - disaccharides
• Polysaccharides
• Homo polysaccharides
• Hetero polysaccharides
• Nucleic acids (Polynucleotides)
• Nucleosides
• Nucleotides
• Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA
• Lipids
• Simple lipids
• Complex lipids

Low Molecular Bioregulators

• Steroids
• Sterols
• Sex hormons
• Adrenal gland hormons
• Bile acids
• Alkaloids
• Alkaloids of the Isoquinoline Phenanthrene group
• Alkaloids of Tropane group
• Alkaloids of Pyridine group
• Alkaloids of Quinoline group
• Group of the N-methyl derivatives of xanthine
• Vitamins
• Fat solubles vitamins
• Water soluble vitamins